Abstract
Beneficial effects of deep sea water (DSW) in lipid metabolism were shown by several investigations. Here, we showed effects of
mineral-balanced DSW [Mg:Ca = 3:1] on cholesterol metabolism induced by high glucose in
HepG2 hepatic cell. And, effects of hardness 1,500 high magnesium DSW [Mg:Ca = 40:1] (Mg40) were also investigated. Mineral-balanced DSW prevented the increase of total cholesterol level in high glucose-treated HepG2 hepatic cell. However, Mg40 was not affected cholesterol accumulation in high glucose-treated HepG2 hepatic cell. The hypocholestrolemic effect of mineral balanced-DSW was closely related to down-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutatryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) expression and the increase of AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, leading to the decrease of cholesterol synthesis in high glucose-treated HepG2 hepatic cell. Also, mineral balanced-DSW enhanced low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) transcription and inhibited proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) gene expression, implicating that hypocholesterolemic effects of mineral balanced-DSW are mediated with the increase of LDLR transcription and the suppression of PCSK9 mRNA synthesis in high glucose-treated HepG2 hepatic cell. Taken together, present investigation
suggests that hypocholesterolemic effects of mineral balanced-DSW in HepG2 hepatic cell are
mediated with preventing cholesterol synthesis through the inhibition of HMGCR expression and the activation of AMPK and the effects are also correlated with enhancement of LDLR transcription and suppression of PCSK9 gene expression. In conclusion, present investigation supports that mineral balanced-DSW has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism-related metabolic
disorders.
[This work was financially supported by the 2016
National R&D project of “Development of new application technology for deep seawater industry" supported by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of the Republic of Korea]